Sustainability of Peru's Banana Exports through a Market and Business Diversification Strategy

Abstract

The main objective of the research was to analyze the sustainability of Peru's banana exports through the diversification of markets and companies. The methodology employed was a quantitative approach, based on the analysis of export data reported by SUNAT, which was organized and evaluated using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) to measure market and business concentration. The results showed a decrease in market HHI, from 2809 in 2014 to 1634 in 2023, indicating diversification towards more international destinations. However, in terms of businesses, a slight concentration was observed, with the HHI increasing from 459 to 551 during the same period, suggesting moderate dominance by certain companies. The conclusions emphasize that, although diversification has reduced dependence on traditional markets, there remains a need to expand into emerging markets and strengthen the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is recommended to develop government policies to support these companies, improve logistical infrastructure, and promote sustainable practices that enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of Peru's banana sector.