Commercial Position, Innovation, and Sustainability of Exports from Peru's Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Sector to China

Abstract

The study aims to evaluate the commercial position, innovation, and sustainability of Peru's agricultural export sector to China during the period 2014-2023. Methodologically, a quantitative approach with a descriptive scope was applied, using data from customs declarations and the sector's total FOB value to measure the commercial position, product diversification to evaluate innovation, and exporter diversification to analyze sustainability. The results show that China is a key market with significant growth in the FOB value of Peruvian exports, especially in products such as blueberries, grapes, and avocados. Innovation is reflected in the diversification of the export basket, although the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) suggests concentration in certain products. Sustainability was assessed through the diversification of exporting companies, showing positive growth but also challenges due to agricultural expansion. It is concluded that Peru's commercial position in China has improved, highlighting the need for market and product diversification to mitigate risks and increase competitiveness. It is recommended to promote geographic diversification and agricultural innovation, while companies should invest in advanced technologies and quality certifications.