Bibliometric Analysis on Nanofluids Applied to Cooling Systems

Abstract

This study presents a bibliometric analysis on nanofluids applied to cooling systems. The findings reveal a sustained growth in publications between 2009 and 2025, reflecting the growing interest in the development of nanofluids and their use as refrigerants, driven by advances in nanoparticle synthesis and characterization technology, the increasing importance of sustainable methodologies, and the urgency of optimizing the energy and thermal efficiency of refrigeration systems. The bibliometric analysis reveals the dominance of Asian researchers (Kadirgama K, Ramasamy D, Yang L) and countries such as China, India, and Malaysia in scientific production, evidencing regional leadership in thermal applications. The co-occurrence analysis of indexed keywords allowed us to identify current lines of research, highlighting the development of hybrid photovoltaic-thermal systems, thermal management of Li-ion batteries, and heat exchanger optimization. Future projections highlight four strategic axes: consolidation of renewable systems, development of solutions for electronic systems, advances in multiscale modeling, and integration of artificial intelligence for the design of nanostructured materials. These findings underscore the key role of nanofluids in the energy transition, particularly for applications requiring sustainable and efficient thermal management, marking trends toward industrial innovation with a focus on sustainability.