Diversity and Equity in Science and Technology: A Bibliometric Study on Women's Participation in STEM

Abstract

The bibliometric study on gender diversity and equity in science and technology examines women's participation in STEM, addressing the structural barriers that limit their inclusion and advancement in scientific disciplines. Despite the rise in equity initiatives, challenges such as gender bias, lack of mentorship, and restricted access to funding persist, affecting the scientific output led by women. To assess these trends, a quantitative bibliometric approach was employed based on Scopus data, applying co-occurrence analysis, collaboration networks, and multiple correspondence analysis using tools like VOSviewer. The search strategy included key terms related to gender equity, engineering education, and diversity, allowing the examination of publications from 1993 to 2025. Academic impact was evaluated through the h-index and citation volume, identifying growth patterns and gaps in the scientific literature. The results show a steady increase in studies on gender equity in STEM, with greater female representation in scientific publications and educational conferences. However, inequalities remain in citation rates and researcher integration into international networks, with scientific output predominantly concentrated in countries like the United States and the United Kingdom. The application of advanced methodologies and institutional support has been key to expanding gender equity in STEM.