STEM Competencies for Students’ Academic and Professional Development: A Systematic Literature Review

Resumen

Abstract– Technological advancements have become essential allies across various disciplines and fields of study. In this context, education focused on developing STEM competencies aims to foster the comprehensive growth of university students by equipping them with skills that significantly impact both society and the economy. Consequently, a Literature Review Article (LRA) was conducted to explore STEM competencies in relation to university students' academic and professional development, framed within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To ensure a rigorous approach, the study followed the PICOC model (Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Context), leading to the construction of a robust search equation for analysis. The initial search yielded 161 articles, which were subsequently filtered using the PRISMA methodology, resulting in 33 research studies that specifically addressed STEM-driven competencies linked to the SDGs. These studies examined key challenges, the primary competencies fostered through STEM education, and the fields of study where these competencies have been implemented. The findings highlight the relevance of developing STEM competencies at the university level, as they equip students with the necessary skills to integrate into the globalized economy. Moreover, STEM education empowers students to propose innovative and sustainable solutions, reinforcing their role as key contributors to societal and economic progress. Keywords-- Education, competences, STEM, SDGs, university.