Technologies for reducing plastic waste generated by the industrial sector: Systematic literature review

Resumen

Plastic pollution is a growing environmental concern worldwide. This systematic review of the literature sought to analyze existing technologies for reducing plastic waste generated by the industrial sector. To this end, the PICOC methodology was used to identify search keywords and questions for subsequent analysis. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were also established, with the analysis period set at 2020–2024. Finally, the PRISMA method was applied to systematize the screening, with a total of 54 studies selected. The results obtained showed that the most notable technologies for plastic reduction are pyrolysis, reburning, degradative depolymerization, chemical recycling, mechanical filtering, and enzymatic biodegradation. These solutions have shown efficiency levels of over 90% in some cases, allowing plastic waste to be converted into energy, fuel, and recyclable materials. However, all technologies have disadvantages, such as high energy consumption, operating costs, availability of raw materials, or specialized infrastructure. Evidence suggests that there is no single technology that can solve the problem entirely; rather, a combination of solutions tailored to the type of plastic, industry, and desired objective is required. These technologies are a crucial step toward a circular economy and more sustainable production.