Trends and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review analyzes the impact, trends, and challenges of AI adoption in higher education, following the PRISMA framework with a mixed-methods approach. A comprehensive search of Scopus and Web of Science (2019-2024) identified key AI applications, including personalized learning, automation, and learning analytics. The results show a growing interest in AI-driven education, with intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, and adaptive learning platforms improving teaching efficiency and student engagement. Regional differences highlight Asia's focus on data analytics and Latin America's emphasis on digital literacy. Despite the benefits of accessibility, personalization, and administrative efficiency, challenges remain, including algorithmic bias, transparency, and ethical concerns. The study concludes that AI is reshaping education but requires responsible implementation to maximize its benefits while ensuring equity and ethical integrity.