Identification of Abundance, Composition, and Microbial Profiles of Cigarette Butts on Tourist Beaches in Cartagena, Colombia

Abstract

Cigarette butts are among the most prevalent solid waste materials found on urban streets. Composed of key components such as filters, tobacco remnants, and wrapping paper, millions of these CBs are discarded onto sidewalks, eventually entering stormwater systems and reaching surface water bodies, with the ultimate destination often being the ocean. Coastal ecosystems serve as repositories for cigarette butt waste, posing significant environmental challenges due to the presence of toxic compounds and the complex degradation process. This directly impacts the sanitary and ecological quality of beach environments. The study aimed to evaluate the potential environmental impact of CBs disposal on beaches through the physical, chemical, and microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and their degraded fibers, which result from decomposition. Findings revealed the presence of microorganisms, including Escherichia coli and Clostridium species, highlighting a potential risk to human health.