Effects of perchlorate on the growth and development of corn (Zea mays) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants.

Abstract

Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a persistent and toxic inorganic anion, from both natural and anthropogenic origin, present in all environmental matrices. It is an endocrine disruptor that affects metabolism, reproduction and development of animal and plant species. Humans are exposed through ingestion, inhalation, and contact, causing hypothyroidism and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of perchlorate on plants grown under greenhouse conditions, using corn (Zea mays) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as evaluated species. The methodology used included three stages: [1] Design and construction of a greenhouse for in vitro growth tests; [2] Determination of the effects of perchlorate on the cultivated plants. The results obtained in this research showed the impact caused by ClO4– exposure on both Phaseolus vulgaris and Zea mays plants, reflected in the growth, shape, and weakness of leaves, stems and roots, effects that were more significant in the bean species, while the corn plats exhibited higher resistance.