Use of Empirical Shear Connectors in Composite Steel-Concrete Floor Systems

Abstract

In Honduras several empirical systems are used as shear connectors for composite steel–concrete floor slabs, such as welded steel bars and U-shaped channels. This study experimentally evaluates these connectors using the push-out test methodology established in Eurocode 4, which specifies testing three specimens for each connector type; in total, 15 specimens were tested. The aim was to assess their load-bearing capacity, stiffness, ductility, and overall shear behavior. The welded steel bar connector achieved an average maximum load of 322.88 kN, a ductility of 6.98 mm, and a stiffness of 46.26 kN/mm, while the U-shaped channel connector reached an average maximum load of 309.59 kN, a ductility of 7.65 mm, and a stiffness of 40.46 kN/mm. The results show that both connectors can develop sufficient performance to enable composite action in floor systems. Their behavior is discussed in comparison to commercial connectors such as Nelson studs and Hilti X-HVB, aiming to provide technical support for their continued use in Honduras. Practical aspects such as material availability, ease of fabrication, and cost-effectiveness further encourage their widespread application in local construction.