Optimal Selection of Backup Power Generators for Multi-Line Cremation Facilities Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Resumen

Reliable backup power systems are essential for critical service facilities, particularly in multi-line cremation centers where electrical interruptions may compromise operational safety, environmental compliance, and service continuity. This study proposes an engineering-oriented decision framework based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the optimal selection of backup power generators operating under 50 Hz electrical systems. The methodology integrates electrical load assessment, expert judgment, lifecycle cost analysis, and environmental considerations within a multi-criteria evaluation model. A real case study conducted at a cremation facility in Lima, Peru, was used to validate the proposed approach. Seven evaluation criteria and four commercial generator alternatives were analyzed. Results indicate that power capacity and voltage/frequency stability represent the most influential factors, accounting for more than 46% of the total decision weight. The selected alternative achieved a global priority score of 0.392 and satisfied recommended safety margins for emergency load coverage and transient performance. Sensitivity analysis and cross-validation using the TOPSIS method confirmed the robustness and consistency of the obtained ranking. The proposed framework provides a replicable and practical tool for improving backup power system design and investment decision-making in critical electrical infrastructures.