Nonlinear Simulation of Masonry Walls in FINITE ELEMENTS Based on Experimental Shear and Compression Tests

Resumen

This research addresses the experimental characterization and nonlinear numerical simulation of the structural behavior of masonry in Cajamarca, Peru. Tests were carried out on units, piers, and low walls using local artisanal and industrial bricks, evaluating properties such as compressive strength (fm ), modulus of elasticity (E), and shear strength (vm ). The values obtained were up to 22.3 kg/cm2 in prismatic strength and 1300 MPa in stiffness, highlighting the better performance of the industrial brick. Subsequently, these elements were modeled in ABAQUS (CDP model) and DIANA FEA (Total Strain Fixed Crack model) programs, comparing the results with the experimental data. The simulated force-displacement curves showed errors less than 10% in displacement and stiffness, validating the effectiveness of both models, especially when using calibrated local parameters. It is concluded that multiscale nonlinear modeling, combined with regional characterization, is key to improving the structural analysis and seismic design of masonry buildings. This methodology can be replicated in other regions with material variability, contributing to safer and more efficient designs.