Challenges for Sustainability and Entrepreneurship in Peruvian Squid Exports: An Analysis of Market and Regional Concentration (2019-2023)

Resumen

The article analyzes the sustainability of Peru's frozen squid exports between 2019 and 2023, evaluating market and exporting company diversification using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). Globally, a trend toward diversification was observed, with the HHI decreasing from 1379 to 957. In Peru, exports showed significant recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic, albeit with high concentration in the Chinese market, which experienced a 361.5% growth between 2020 and 2023. The research highlights challenges related to dependence on specific markets and companies, emphasising the need for innovative strategies to diversify destinations and foster a more resilient business ecosystem, promoting practices that ensure economic and environmental sustainability. Methodologically, a descriptive analysis was conducted using export data from VERITRADE, revealing that Piura leads national exports, while other regions such as Ica and Lambayeque face significant declines. The study concludes that, although initial diversification is positive, recent concentration poses a risk. It recommends strategies to foster market diversification, support new exporting companies, and strengthen the sector's environmental and economic sustainability.