Reverse Logistics for Lithium-Ion Batteries within the Circular Economy: A Systematic Literature Review from the Perspective of Industrial Sustainability

Resumen

This systematic literature review examines the environmental impact of implementing reverse logistics networks for the recycling of lithium-ion batteries within the industrial sector. The research question was structured using the PIOC method (Problem, Intervention, Outcome, Context), and the PRISMA 2020 protocol was applied to ensure methodological rigor in the selection of studies. The literature search was conducted in the Scopus database, yielding 24 peer-reviewed articles that met all inclusion criteria. The results highlight substantial environmental benefits associated with reverse logistics, particularly in reducing CO2 emissions, minimizing hazardous waste, and recovering critical raw materials. However, several recurring challenges were identified, such as the lack of regulatory frameworks, insufficient infrastructure for battery collection and treatment, and limited stakeholder coordination. The study concludes that reverse logistics plays a pivotal role in achieving a sustainable circular economy in the battery industry. Nonetheless, its effective implementation requires stronger public policies, financial incentives, and integrated strategies involving manufacturers, recyclers, and government institutions.