Emerging technologies for reducing inequalities: Applications of AI and Blockchain in achieving the SDGs – 2020-2025

Resumen

This article presents a systematic review of 50 studies published between 2020 and 2025 on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain as emerging technologies to reduce multidimensional inequalities within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Three key areas of application are identified: financial inclusion, transparent governance, and sovereign digital identity. The results show that AI facilitates social targeting and efficient redistribution of resources, while blockchain ensures traceability and institutional integrity, especially in social programs. AI-blockchain synergies also enable more personalized solutions, although these are still experimental. Factors such as multilevel governance, participatory design, and basic infrastructure are critical to the success of these interventions. However, structural barriers remain, such as the digital divide, fragmented regulatory frameworks, and cultural resistance. The article highlights the need for ethical, interdisciplinary, and contextualized approaches to maximize the transformative potential of these technologies, avoiding technocratic solutionism and promoting inclusive, sustainable, and fair use.