The Internationalization of Textile SMEs in Lima Peru: Analysis of the Main Challenges during the period 2019-2023

Resumen

International trade has gained significance, and while many SMEs aim to integrate, a large number fail due to a lack of competitiveness. These businesses often lack awareness of the challenges involved in the process of internationalisation. In this context, the objective was set to describe the main challenges faced by textile SMEs in Lima, Peru, during their internationalisation process from 2019 to 2023. The research adopts a qualitative and descriptive approach, employing a nonexperimental design based on document analysis through data sheets, including the review of key documents such as theses, articles, and reports. Grounded theory was used to analyse data and establish relationships between relevant categories and subcategories. The results indicate that the challenges faced by textile SMEs in Lima during their internationalisation (2019– 2023) include external factors such as trade barriers, global competition, and unfavourable trade policies. Internally, key limitations are a lack of innovation, inefficient management, and limited adaptive capacity. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for gradual internationalisation strategies, such as the Uppsala Model, and the use of digital tools like e-commerce to overcome these barriers. Additionally, it emphasises the importance of inclusive policies, innovation, and efficient business management to strengthen the competitiveness and sustainability of these companies in global markets.