Design of a Climate-Responsive Photovoltaic Pumping and Irrigation System to Enhance Economic and Food Stability in Peru

Abstract

This research proposes the design of a climate-adaptive photovoltaic pumping and irrigation system (PV-PIS) for a 7-hectare sugarcane plot in Chimbote, Ancash, aiming to improve water and energy efficiency within the Peruvian agricultural context. The study addresses the sector’s high-water demand, dependence on fossil fuels, and increasing climate uncertainty. The methodology followed an applied and quantitative approach with a descriptive-propositional design. Historical meteorological data from NASA Power and SENAMHI were used to determine the crop’s water requirement, estimated at 370.3 m3 per day, as well as the optimal solar resource availability. Based on these parameters, a 7.06 kWp photovoltaic system composed of thirteen 575 W monocrystalline panels was dimensioned, managed by an 8 kW hybrid inverter and integrated with an automation system using a Siemens S7-1200 PLC and environmental sensors. Technical validation was performed through SISIFO software simulation, yielding an estimated annual energy generation of 12,217 kWh. The economic analysis determined an initial investment of S/. 56,586.09, a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of S/. 0.781/kWh, a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of S/. 7,955.03, and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 12.00%, with a payback period of 7.46 years. The results confirm that the proposal is technically and financially viable, representing a sustainable alternative to conventional irrigation systems