Systematic review of the literature on intelligent agents for virtual physical therapy

Abstract

This document outlines the need for virtual physical therapy as a complement to, and even a substitute for, in-person therapy, which faces limitations related to cost and other access barriers. A literature review, conducted using the PRISMA guidelines, establishes a starting point for the design of an intelligent virtual agent that enables patients to undergo autonomous and safe rehabilitation. The results showed exponential growth in interest in virtual therapy. Bibliometric networks revealed two approaches: a technical one for patient and scheduling management, and an evaluative one focused on clinical effectiveness. The literature review highlights the integration of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence for structuring virtual therapists that guide physical and mental rehabilitation, the use of RGB cameras and MediaPipe as tools for evaluating movement accuracy remotely, and the use of Lifelong Learning (LLL) and serious games to personalize therapies and provide real-time feedback. In conclusion, intelligent virtual therapy expands access, reduces dependence on hospital infrastructure, allows for interaction with a degree of independence, and enables objective monitoring.