Bisphenol A, pregnant women and children in early childhood health effects: Recommendations for its regulation in Peru

Abstract

This study examines the health risks associated with bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used endocrine disruptor found in plastics, particularly its impact on pregnant women and children up to six years of age. The primary objective is to assess the presence of BPA in vulnerable populations and analyze regulatory frameworks from other countries to inform potential policy applications in Peru. A systematic review was conducted using databases such as ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Nature, alongside legislative documents on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). The PRISMA method was applied, utilizing keywords including "BPA," "pregnant women," "health," "children," and "regulation." The findings indicate that BPA exposure poses significant health risks, including neurological and metabolic disorders, as identified through urinalysis in pregnant women and young children. Additionally, regulatory measures in countries such as Canada, Brazil, and Spain have effectively reduced BPA exposure, particularly in products like baby bottles. Furthermore, considering plastic resin codes can help identify BPA-free packaging. These results highlight the lack of awareness and research on BPA exposure in Peru, as well as the absence of national studies demonstrating its health impacts on vulnerable groups. Therefore, further research is recommended to support the development and enforcement of BPA-related regulations in Peru.