Application of bacteria for the bioremediation of soils contaminated with hydrocarbons: a review of the scientific literature

Resumen

Hydrocarbon pollution is a problem that seriously affects the biosphere constantly as a result of the oil industries, causing changes in the physical and chemical properties of the soil, contaminating groundwater and ultimately dissipating all forms of life necessary for an ecosystem. Given this, a systematic review was carried out on the application of bacteria for the bioremediation of soils contaminated with hydrocarbons globally, according to research journals published in scientific databases in the last 10 years, using the PRISMA methodology; in order to know what evidence exists on the use of bacteria in the bioremediation of soils contaminated by cycloalkanes. Information from undergraduate theses, articles and magazines indexed in Alicia, Dialnet, Redalyc, University Repositories, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus was used considering the period 2013 - 2023 and in Spanish, Portuguese, and English. As a result, it was obtained that there is a diverse category of bacteria with different removal percentages. It is concluded that Pseudomonas and Bacillus present an efficiency where the percentage of hydrocarbon removal varies between 75% - 97% to reduce the contaminant present in the soil, these genera of bacteria being the most used in the field of bioremediation.