Mechanisms and Bioremediation Potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Organophosphate-Contaminated Agricultural Soils of Peru

Resumen

The contamination of agricultural soils by organophosphate pesticides deteriorates soil fertility and biodiversity, posing environmental and health risks. This study evaluates the potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the bioremediation of contaminated soils, assessing its degradation efficiency and optimization strategies. A systematic review was conducted using scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, applying inclusion criteria that consider recent studies (2014–2024) on the biodegradation of organophosphate pesticides by P. aeruginosa. A total of 34 relevant articles were selected, revealing that P. aeruginosa can degrade up to 90% of compounds such as chlorpyrifos and monocrotophos through hydrolytic enzymes and rhamnolipids, which enhance the bioavailability of contaminants. Key strategies were proposed, including genetic engineering to enhance rhamnolipid production and microbial consortia with bacteria such as Bacillus and fungi such as Trichoderma, which optimize degradation and soil restoration. It is recommended to evaluate its application in highly contaminated Peruvian regions such as Chancay-Lima and San Martín. The integration of stricter environmental regulations and the development of microorganism-based technologies can strengthen agricultural sustainability and mitigate the impacts of pesticides.