Determinants of Scientific Productivity in Peruvian Public Research Institutes: A Multiple Case Study

Abstract

Public Research Institutes (PRIs) play a strategic role in national innovation systems, particularly in emerging economies where their scientific contributions are essential for advancing technological capabilities and informing public policy. Despite their importance, the research productivity of PRIs is frequently hindered by limitations in institutional capacity and systemic support. This study examines the determinants of scientific productivity in three Peruvian PRIs: the Instituto Peruano de Energía Nuclear (IPEN), the Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), and the Instituto Tecnológico de la Producción (ITP). A mixed-methods approach was applied, integrating semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and cross-case comparison. The findings indicate that internal conditions—especially research infrastructure, qualified personnel, and institutional governance—are decisive for sustaining scientific output. Among external factors, stable leadership, access to competitive funding, and participation in collaborative research networks were identified as key enablers. The study proposes a classification framework of productivity drivers and offers evidence-based recommendations for strengthening research performance in PRIs. These results contribute to policy formulation and institutional strategies aimed at enhancing scientific capacity in contexts characterized by resource constraints and institutional volatility.