Sustainable and Fair Power System Assessment in IEEE Networks via Python-Based Modeling and Simulation

Abstract

This study provides a structured assessment of power flow methodologies applied to standard IEEE test systems, combining technical analysis with ethical evaluation. Simulations based on the Newton-Raphson and Fast Decoupled Load Flow methods were conducted on the IEEE 9-, 14-, and 39-bus networks to examine steady-state behavior under different operating conditions. The results revealed variations in voltage profiles, line utilization, and active and reactive power losses, often influenced by network topology and generation-load balance. The integration of renewable sources, modeled at various penetration levels, yielded measurable benefits in voltage stabilization and loss reduction when appropriately sited. In addition to technical performance, the study addressed structural conditions such as undervoltages and line congestion, which may reflect inequities in network service. Fairness-aware optimal power flow formulations were applied to investigate dispatch solutions that minimize losses while promoting balanced operational outcomes. The findings underscore the relevance of embedding transparency, equity, and accountability into the design and control of modern power systems.