Architectural reuse techniques for heritage conservation: a systematic review of sustainable design strategies

Abstract

Architectural reuse has gained increasing relevance as a sustainable strategy for the conservation of built heritage, particularly in contexts where existing structures face deterioration, functional obsolescence, or urban transformation pressures. This systematic literature review analyzes 40 research studies selected for their relevance from an initial pool of 61,544 articles retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The selection process followed the PRISMA methodology and was structured using an adapted PIO framework to ensure transparency and replicability. The results indicate that adaptive reuse is the most frequently applied approach, characterized by the preservation of architectural value while accommodating new functions. Additional strategies identified include partial restoration, material conservation, and the integration of contemporary architectural elements as part of complementary urban interventions. The findings highlight the importance of contextual analysis, technical criteria, and long-term maintenance considerations in reuse projects. This review contributes to a clearer understanding of current architectural reuse practices and provides a consolidated reference for future research and professional decision-making in heritage conservation.