Methodologies for the Utilization of Fish Waste: A Review of Literature

Abstract

The objective of this review is to identify methods that guarantee the utilization of fish waste to provide a better utilization of the valuable compounds it contains. In order to achieve greater clarity in the review, the PICO and PRISMA methodologies were used, and different search sources such as Scopus, ScienceDirect and ResearchGate were analyzed, which allowed access to a wide range of research, selecting 42 articles that met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the analysis made it possible to identify the shortcomings of conventional methods, which lead to the degradation of the target components.In addition, emerging methods were identified as efficient alternatives, highlighting ultrasonic extraction, supercritical fluids, microwaves, electric pulse field, deep eutectic solvent and green solvents. These green technologies allow maintaining its high protein content, as well as bioactive compounds (essential fatty acids, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, etc.). Finally, it is concluded that the implementation of technologies for the utilization of fish waste has been evolving, which have focused on maintaining and preserving the physicochemical and nutritional properties of the waste.