Transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 in the manufacturing sector: a systematic review

Abstract

Industrial revolutions have traditionally prioritized operational efficiency and automation. However, Industry 4.0 (I4.0), centered on automation and digitalization, has imposed constant challenges on operators who must adapt to increasingly complex technological environments. Industry 5.0 (I5.0) emerges as a new paradigm in which workers adapt to environments featuring new technological systems and artificial intelligence. The objective of this study is to understand the transition from I4.0 to I5.0 in the manufacturing sector. To this end, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted, following PRISMA guidelines and the PICO methodology. The search was limited to the Scopus database, selecting high-quality scientific articles from Quartile-ranked journals published between 2022 and 2026. Following a rigorous screening process of 406 articles and applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, 40 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were included. The analysis was complemented using bibliometric tools such as VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. The findings reveal that I5.0 does not replace I4.0, but rather extends its technological foundation (IoT, AI, Big Data). The results highlight an evolution toward I5.0, marking the shift from automated systems to sociotechnical systems. It is concluded that technology must serve as an ally that strengthens human creative capabilities and resilience.