Wearable Obstacle Detection System: Enhancing Indoor Navigation for Individuals with Visual Impairments

Abstract

Blindness, a global condition affecting millions, presents significant challenges to independence and daily mobility. Individuals with visual impairments face constant risks of collisions with obstacles, potentially leading to severe injuries. This research focuses on developing an obstacle detection system in the form of smart glasses to enhance safety and mobility for visually impaired individuals. The prototype was designed based on a comprehensive literature review and expert consultations to ensure the optimal selection of electronic components while prioritizing comfort and usability. A V-model methodology guided the iterative development process, incorporating design, implementation, testing, and user evaluation. The device integrates Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors for precise obstacle detection and vibration motors for real-time haptic feedback. The system alerts users through increasing vibration intensity as the distance to an obstacle decreases, enabling safer and more intuitive navigation. Field tests conducted with visually impaired individuals provided valuable feedback, leading to iterative improvements. The final prototype demonstrated enhanced obstacle detection, particularly for head-level hazards, offering a practical and user-friendly assistive technology solution.