A systematic review of how the use of biomass can reduce CO2 emissions and improve sustainability in the cement industry

Resumen

The cement industry, essential for urban development, faces criticism for its high energy consumption and contribution to global CO2 emissions. This review systematizes scientific evidence on the use of biomass as a sustainable energy alternative to mitigate emissions, emphasizing technical, economic, and environmental feasibility. The PICO framework was applied to structure the analysis, focusing on clinker production, calcination, biomass use, and other decarbonization strategies. Outcomes included CO2 reduction and improved energy efficiency. Using the PRISMA protocol, 1,246 records were screened, with 52 relevant studies selected from the past six years. Most research was from Europe and Asia, with initial cases in America and Africa. Half the studies used industrial waste like fly ash, while agricultural residues such as rice husk and sugarcane bagasse reduced CO2 emissions by up to 42 percent and enhanced concrete performance. Applications also showed economic benefits, reducing costs and emissions of NOx, SOx, and particulates by up to 72 percent. Rotary kilns, pyrolysis, and direct blending were the most effective technologies. Evidence indicates that biomass use in cement production supports circular economy principles and emission reduction. Further research is recommended on Peruvian biomass sources like quinoa and coffee residues, and their synergy with solar energy