Integrating Circular Economy and Reverse Logistics in Waste Management

Abstract

The processed meat industry faces critical challenges in balancing competitiveness with sustainability, particularly in emerging economies. This study analyzes waste management practices in a leading Panamanian meat processing company, integrating circular economy principles and reverse logistics strategies to strengthen supply chain resilience. Using semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations, the research identifies key waste streams—organic residues, packaging materials, and non-conforming products—and evaluates their operational, economic, and environmental impacts. Findings reveal partial valorization of organic by-products but significant gaps in packaging recovery, traceability, and performance monitoring. To address these deficiencies, the study proposes a framework that embeds reverse logistics into the supply chain, incorporating industrial symbiosis, biorefinery applications, and lean protocols. This approach positions waste not as a liability but as a resource, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 12 and SDG 9) and advancing supply chain sustainability in Latin America. The contribution lies in offering the first qualitative evidence for Panama’s meat industry, providing actionable insights for policymakers and firms seeking innovation, competitiveness, and alignment with international standards.