Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Vapor Exposure in an Automotive Paint Workshop for the Implementation of Exhaust Ventilation Systems

Abstract

Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in automotive paint shops represents a growing occupational health problem due to poor ventilation, lack of emissions control, and direct worker exposure to toxic solvents. In the analyzed workshop, concentrations of toluene, xylene, and methyl alcohol exceeded the maximum permissible limits established by Supreme Decree No. 015-2005-SA, reaching values of 105%, 102%, and 110% of the limit, respectively. Therefore, this study will evaluate the concentration of VOCs in an automotive paint shop and propose a sealing. The methodology involved an environmental assessment using a POLI MP 400P gas detector, supplemented by a review of technical data sheets, safety data sheets, and current regulations. A local exhaust ventilation system was designed and implemented, considering a total airflow of 12,000 m3/h—equivalent to 100 air changes per hour—with collection hoods capable of handling 1,440 m3/h and a capture velocity of 0.8 m/s. Furthermore, the results obtained after implementing these measures demonstrated a significant reduction in ambient VOC concentrations, with toluene (28%), xylene (35%), and methyl alcohol (30%) values below the maximum permissible limit. This represents an average decrease of over 70% compared to the initial situation, allowing the system to comply with the established parameters. In conclusion, the airtight sealing of the paint booths, along with the local exhaust ventilation system, constitutes an effective measure for controlling VOC emissions, improving air quality, and protecting worker health. The research also demonstrates that integrating engineering controls optimizes processes and promotes sustainable practices in the automotive sector.