Internet of Things Based Environmental Variables Monitoring System for Greenhouse Crops

Abstract

This work aims to describe the development and implementation of a remote monitoring system for environmental variables in greenhouse crops using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. A four-layer architecture was designed, composed of four sensing nodes based on the ESP32 microcontroller. These nodes can measure relative humidity, ambient temperature, and light intensity, and wirelessly transmit these variables to a central gateway implemented on a Raspberry Pi 4. The gateway then forwards the data to a web platform for visualization. Ambient temperature was observed to range between 13 °C and 29 °C, relative humidity remained above 50%, and solar radiation during peak hours ranged from 4,000 to 12,000 lux. The system proved to be a viable and easily implemented solution for Agriculture 4.0, providing valuable information for making decisions regarding the most favorable growing conditions.