Characterization of Water Quality and Management of Sources in the Uyuca Biological Reserve (RBU), Honduras

Abstract

Ensuring the supply of safe water represents a growing challenge in the context of climate change and population growth. This study characterized the availability, quality, and community management of water in six communities supplied by the Uyuca Biological Reserve (RBU) during the 2025 dry season. Flow measurements and sampling were carried out in 26 sources, analyzing physicochemical and microbiological parameters, as well as metals such as iron, aluminum, manganese, copper, and zinc. A correlational analysis among water quality parameters was also conducted. To evaluate community management, focus groups and semi-structured interviews were developed with potable water administrative boards. The results indicate that although most sources present “good” quality according to the Canadian Water Quality Index, there are risks due to the presence of fecal coliforms, acidic pH, and high concentrations of aluminum and iron, associated with geological conditions and deficient management of intake structures. At the organizational level, weaknesses were identified such as lack of legal status, regulations, technical training, and sustainable operation and maintenance plans. Water treatment is limited: few chlorination systems function properly, and knowledge of residual chlorine monitoring is low. The applied tariffs are variable and, in some cases, insufficient to cover operational costs. It is recommended to strengthen the technical and organizational capacities of the boards, promote water treatment, and conduct monitoring during the rainy season to analyze seasonal variations. This study highlights the importance of conserving the RBU as a strategic source and the need for institutional support to ensure safe water and sustainable community management.