Automated Monitoring System for Hydroponic Crops: Integration of Smart Sensors and IoT Connectivity for Urban Agriculture

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of an automated monitoring system for hydroponic crops, based on smart sensors and IoT connectivity. An ESP32 is used as a processing unit, collecting data on pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature and ORP. The information is transmitted in real time via the MQTT protocol to a cloud server and visualized through the MyMQTT application, ensuring continuous access to the system data. The process includes the calibration of sensors with standard solutions and specific tolerances, which guarantees accurate and stable measurements. The results showed that the implementation of the system not only optimizes monitoring accuracy, but also reduces water and nutrient consumption over a 35-day period, minimizing operating costs. The implemented architecture allows remote monitoring and parameter adjustment in real time, improving crop efficiency and promoting a sustainable and automated urban agriculture model.