Lean manufacturing and sustainable development - An inseparable binomial

Abstract

This study analyzes the synergistic relationship between Lean Manufacturing (LM) and Sustainable Development (SD) in the context of the Mexican manufacturing industry, addressing the research gap in their practical integration. Using a qualitative approach and case studies, it is demonstrated how the principles of LM—elimination of waste, continuous improvement, and collaborative management—contribute to advancing the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The application of LM is directly aligned with SDGs 8 (economic growth), 9 (industry and innovation), 12 (responsible production) and 13 (climate action), highlighting its role in reducing emissions (25-30%), efficient use of resources and adoption of circular economies. Emblematic cases such as Bimbo and CEMEX show tangible benefits: carbon footprint reduction, energy optimization, and development of sustainable infrastructures. However, structural challenges persist in Mexico, such as resistance to change, lack of specialized training, technological limitations, and absence of integrated public policies. The study proposes practical recommendations: 1) multidisciplinary training in LM-DS, 2) tax incentives for clean technologies, and 3) public-private partnerships that scale up promising practices. It is concluded that strategic LM-DS integration improves industrial competitiveness and is a fundamental axis for achieving sustainability in emerging economies, requiring a systemic approach that articulates operational innovation with a national development agenda.