Impact of the ROCEF Methodology on the development of critical thinking in university students through Artificial Intelligence

Resumen

This study analyzes the impact of the ROCEF (Role, Objective, Context, Examples and Format) methodology on the development of critical thinking in university students when interacting with artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT. An experimental design was conducted with 60 students divided equally into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was trained in the use of the ROCEF methodology, while the control group used traditional methods. The results show that the ROCEF methodology significantly improves the three dimensions of critical thinking evaluated: appropriability, evocativeness and integration. In the appropriability dimension, the experimental group achieved a median of 10, compared to 8 for the control group. In evocativeness, the median was 6 in the experimental group and 5 in the control group. Finally, in integration, the experimental group obtained a median of 6, surpassing the 4 of the control group. The t-test for independent samples indicated statistically significant differences (t=4.869, p<0.001), with a very large effect size (d=2.042), which evidences a substantial impact of the ROCEF. methodology. This pedagogical approach stands out as an effective strategy to optimize critical and reflective learning in educational environments, promoting essential 21st century competencies such as critical thinking.