Earthquake prediction using seismic precursors: proposed classification based on a systematic literature review

Resumen

This review aims to identify and classify the most relevant seismic precursors in recent scientific literature to contribute to research and the reduction of earthquake-related risks. To achieve this, studies from the SCOPUS database from the last 5 years were considered, and a total of 56 articles were selected and analyzed. As a result, a classification based on 13 new categories of seismic precursors is proposed, with "ionospheric phenomena," "rock deformation/stress," and "underground gases" being some of the most studied categories in the analyzed literature. However, while certain precursors have been explored, there are still approaches and types of precursors that require greater attention and development in future studies.