Toward a Resilient Digital Ecosystem: A Strategic Analysis of Cybersecurity in Costa Rica

Abstract

Cybersecurity is a strategic challenge that shapes the stability, trust, and digital future of nations. Following the high-impact cyberattacks experienced in recent years, Costa Rica faces the need to rethink its level of preparedness in an increasingly sophisticated digital environment. Using a qualitative approach, this study analyzes the state of cybersecurity in Costa Rica through the application of the SWOT–TOWS model, integrating indicators from the National Cyber Security Index and a case study analysis of local governments. The findings reveal that, although Costa Rica has made significant progress, its level of cyber maturity remains insufficient in light of the scale and complexity of current threats. The TOWS analysis enables the transformation of diagnosis into action by proposing strategies aimed at strengthening digital governance, fostering local technological innovation, and consolidating a preventive culture within public institutions. Overall, this study not only provides a snapshot of the current state of cybersecurity in Costa Rica but also offers a roadmap toward a more resilient, autonomous, and trustworthy digital ecosystem