Sustainable energy for water supply and strengthening public health in rural communities affected by droughts

Abstract

Severe droughts represent a growing threat to water security and public health, particularly in vulnerable rural communities affected by climate change. In northern Salta Province, Argentina, these conditions are exacerbated by limited infrastructure, geographic isolation, and a high proportion of indigenous populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate and improve access to safe drinking water and public health conditions in rural communities of the municipality of Santa Victoria Este through the incorporation of solar-based technologies and a participatory approach aimed at the future implementation of WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) practices. The methodology included the collection of primary data through fieldwork, integrating technical-scientific information and local traditional knowledge, as well as the identification of water sources and issues related to water availability and quality. Based on the diagnostic assessment, groundwater supply systems were implemented using solar-powered submersible pumps, photovoltaic panels, and water storage tanks, accompanied by community training activities focused on system operation and maintenance. The results show a substantial improvement in water availability for domestic use and a strengthening of local capacities for water resource management. The integration of solar technologies with participatory approaches is presented as a viable and sustainable strategy to reduce health vulnerability and enhance the resilience of rural communities affected by recurrent droughts.