Environmental policies and their effect on green logistics and the benefits for manufacturing companies: a structural equation model

Abstract

This research develops a structural equation model to evaluate the effects of green logistics and environmental policies on the benefits achieved within the supply chains of manufacturing companies. The methodology comprises several stages, including the design, validation, and administration of a questionnaire on green logistics practices, data collection and cleaning, and the estimation of a structural equation model using partial least squares. Data were collected through stratified random sampling from manufacturing companies located in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico, between January and July 2025. A total of 151 valid questionnaires were obtained, representing the participation of 43 companies. The results indicate a direct and positive effect of environmental policies on green logistics (0.531), highlighting their relevance in the business context and the need for their continuous improvement. Additionally, environmental policies show a direct and positive effect on supply chain benefits (0.410), demonstrating that such policies can generate tangible impacts not only in environmental performance but also in economic, social, and operational outcomes.