Sustainable Preservation Methods for Fresh Fish Transport: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This systematic review evaluated sustainable preservation methods for transporting fresh fish between 2020-2025, with a focus on efficacy, sustainability, and feasibility in tropical climates. Following PRISMA guidelines and the PICOC strategy, thirty peer-reviewed articles from Scopus and SciELO were analyzed. Findings showed that emerging technologies—including solar-powered refrigeration, edible coatings, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)—outperformed conventional ice-based preservation in extending shelf life and reducing environmental impact. Solar refrigeration operated at 85.6% efficiency, chitosan-based coatings preserved freshness for up to 16 days, and MAP helped slow down spoilage. In contrast, ice-based methods were energy intensive and carbon heavy. Overall, sustainable approaches improved fish quality, safety, and cost-effectiveness while mitigating CO2 emissions. The review concludes that adapting these technologies to tropical conditions, where cold chains are insufficient, is essential to ensure reliable fish preservation, enhancing food security, and supporting climate goals.