Scenario for Argentina regarding green hydrogen and its derivatives

Abstract

The European Green Deal aims for climate neutrality by 2050 and establishes rules for importing products obtained with low or zero carbon dioxide emissions. This opens a window of opportunity for countries with limited global impact due to their emissions, allowing for a balance between exporting "green" products and consuming "grey" ones, within the framework of the agreements signed and the standards accepted by importing countries. These rules are based on the definition of Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBO), which establishes strict sustainability and emissions requirements for certifying hydrogen as "green." These requirements apply to both production within the EU and imports, and stipulate that the energy used must come from renewable sources. In addition, there are regulations on the transport and use of hydrogen, as well as the requirement for importers to comply with carbon market rules and the 70% carbon intensity requirement compared to fossil fuels. In the context of the H2/PtX (Hydrogen Power to X) scenario, this work analyzes the characteristics of the current situation in Argentina regarding ammonia and urea, and outlines the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats it possesses in this scenario with a view to exporting hydrogen and/or its derivatives, obtained thanks to its high capacity for generating renewable energy.