Design and implementation of a timed automatic irrigation system for domestic gardens

Abstract

Abstract– This paper describes the design, construction, and evaluation of a timed automatic irrigation system for domestic gardens in the Baños del Inca district of Cajamarca, where manual irrigation often results in irregular water consumption and dependence on the user's available time. The overall objective was to implement a functional, low-voltage prototype that automates irrigation using ON/OFF cycles. Specifically, the aim was to validate its operation by measuring flow rate, operational stability, and electrical safety under real-world domestic conditions. The methodology used was experimental-demonstrative. The main components (5V pump, programmable timer, USB power supply, and tubing) were selected, the circuit was assembled ensuring correct polarity, and 15-second activation cycles were configured. Repeated tests were performed to evaluate flow stability, the volume dispensed per cycle, and the absence of overheating. The system's safety and behavior during multiple consecutive activations were also verified. The results showed an average flow rate of 61.6 mL per cycle, minimal timer variation while maintaining stable cycles, and safe operation without mechanical or thermal failures. This data confirms the efficiency and reliability of the prototype. In conclusion, the system is an accessible and functional alternative for small gardens, reducing manual intervention. The social impact is reflected in facilitating plant care in time-constrained households; the environmental impact, in the efficient use of water; and the economic impact, in its low cost and ease of home implementation.