Cryptographic Protocols and their Impact on Digital Election Security: RSL

Abstract

Digital electoral security has become fundamental to the development of reliable, integrated and available technological systems, driven by the growing demand for transparency and protection against threats. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of cryptographic protocols on the security of electoral processes, evaluating their effectiveness against traditional methods. For this purpose, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, considering 50 articles extracted from the Scopus database. The analysis focused on cryptographic techniques applied to blockchain-based environments, such as homomorphic encryption, zero-knowledge proofs and smart contracts, evaluating their contribution to design more secure, auditable and reliable voting systems. The results show that these protocols contribute to prevent recurring vulnerabilities, such as vote tampering, electoral fraud, impersonation and lack of validation, in addition to strengthening auditability and operational reliability Finally, the study concludes that the adoption and assessment of cryptographic protocols are essential to reduce risks in electronic voting, and promote more secure, transparent and efficient electoral processes.