Design and Sizing of Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems for Photovoltaic Self-Consumption

Abstract

The increase in energy consumption in urban buildings and the need for sustainability are driving renewable solutions with storage. This research proposes the design and evaluation of a lithium battery-based photovoltaic self-consumption system for a building in Peru, aiming to maximize energy autonomy, reduce grid dependence, and improve profitability. The study addresses the technical and economic challenges posed by solar variability and hourly demand in urban settings. The HOMER Pro software was used to simulate various configurations based on real solar irradiance data, load profiles, and updated costs. Optimization criteria included the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Renewable Fraction (RF), and Net Present Cost (NPC). The optimal configuration consists of a 400 kW photovoltaic system with 2168 lithium batteries, achieving a 100% renewable fraction, 54.9 hours of autonomy, and an LCOE of $0.649/kWh. The system generates an energy surplus of 42.7%, with potential applications in future technologies such as green hydrogen or electric mobility. However, the high cost of storage remains the main economic limitation of the project.