“The Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, LACCEI”, is a non-profit organization consisting of institutions that offer academic programs in Engineering and Technology with the goal of collaborating with other LACCEI partners. The word “institution” includes universities, colleges and schools.
The Alpha Generation and its Learning Style. Insight within a Central Asia Micro Training Courses Project
The Bologna Process keeps evolving and nowadays it goes much further from the initial collaboration and recognition within Europe, and it encourages international collaboration and capacity building with non-European Union (EU) partners. Through one of such projects, meant for Central Asia partners and relevant environmental issues, a special attention has been paid to the development of new learning hubs which will exploit the microcredential structure, and most interestingly, the new learning style of the alpha generation is considered as a must when teaching and learning methodologies are going to be implemented.
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Laminar Flow Simulation Between Parallel Flat Plates using OpenFOAM
Internal flow is a type of flow present in many industrial applications. A particular case of internal flow is the flow between parallel flat plates also known as plane channel flow. This is a bidimensional flow which has analytical solution for the case of fully developed flow. In the present work this flow is simulated and compared with analytical solution. The finite volume method was used by means of open-source software OpenFOAM. Due to the geometry of the problem a structured mesh was used. In addition, a mesh sensitivity analysis was done which serves as a guide for the elaboration of meshes for the simulation of laminar flow in internal flow in general. The pressure in the flow direction, velocity profile, friction factor and maximum velocity to average velocity ratio were determined. Simulation results are perfectly in agreement with the analytical solution.
Evaluation of the Calibration of Outside Micrometers by Statistical Repeatability Analysis
The study presented in the article focuses on the application of an intermediate accuracy test in a calibration laboratory to assess repeatability among authorized technical personnel performing calibration services in the length range. Technology watch was used to identify relevant, emerging and declining trends in repeatability assessment. To carry out the assessment, the procedure DI-005 established by the Spanish Metrology Centre (CEM) for the calibration of two-contact outside micrometers was followed. Hypothesis tests were applied to estimate the variance ratio and the differences of the population means, ensuring homogeneity of variance, normality (using the Shapiro-Wilk test) and the sample size necessary to use the t-student test. The results obtained in the research showed that the p-values were greater than the 5% significance level, and that the confidence interval estimation for the limits included zero, indicating equality of population means. This demonstrated the existence of repeatability among authorized technical personnel, confirming the reliability of the measurements and the ability to issue calibration certificates.
Employment Outcomes Following Industrial Attachment in Kenya
Unemployment is a major concern for the youth of Kenya. One important part of the solution to this issue is the implementation of technical education programs such as the one in place at Tumaini Innovation Center in Eldoret, Kenya. These programs provide the skills necessary for students[NB1] to enter the workforce (Ohagwu et al., 2022) and give students relevant experience through industrial attachment programs[sc2] in which students are paired with employers and work prior to receiving their certification. However, technical education programs throughout the world can run into several challenges [DA3] such as a mismatch between student skills and market demands (Sang et al., 2012), placing attachment students in industries that do not match their training (Abdullahi & Othman, 2022), and a lack of modern equipment (Muchira et al., 2022). Building on these previous findings, our study explored why students graduating from Tumaini Innovation Center have faced low employment rates even after completing an industrial attachment.[DA4] Using a mixed-methods approach, our study found that the students at Tumaini face some, but not all, of these challenges. [NB5] Students and alumni reported that their skills are useful in their jobs and attachments. All the students are placed in attachments that match their skillset, and students mostly reported that the equipment used in their attachments is comparable to the equipment used at Tumaini. Despite these positives, students still experience low employment rates after completing their attachments. Given that the goal of attending a technical school such as Tumaini is to better employment prospects, it is important to figure out why students end up unemployed after graduation and the barriers to employment. Tumaini serves a unique group of students, so it might be helpful to mention that here. [NB1] This will also help to put some of your later findings in context - when you talk about the discrimination or financial challenges students face. Can you define what these are? [sc2] Are these challenges specific to the Kenyan context or is this from broader literature? [DA3] I recommend having a version of the purpose statement here in the introduction so that the reader understands where the paper is going - feel free to edit if this isn't quite accurate. [DA4] You give examples later in the paper which might contradict this statement - where students feel they need more skills to get jobs after graduation. [NB5] If I misinterpreted this sentence, or the statements later, then you should edit one of them to give the truest representation. I find the best way to do this is to present the evidence for a statement and then also add a sentence so that the reader is aware of the complexity, without thinking that it is contradictory.
FORESIGHT STUDY TO 2035 IN THE AGROINDUSTRIAL SECTORS OF PLANTAIN, DAIRY, SPECIAL COFFEES, COLD CLIMATE FRUIT, CITRUS AND LEATHER
Sectorial prospective studies have become valuable tools for decision-making by actors in Science, Technology and Innovation Systems, especially when future scenarios are aligned with methods and techniques that allow integrating priority technologies and innovations as input. of routes for future images. This study aimed to generate scenarios for 2035 as well as prioritize new topics, technologies and innovations based on the approach of convergent technologies Nano, Bio, Info, Cogno in the agroindustrial chains of plantain, dairy, specialty coffee, cold climate fruit trees, citrus and leather, for this purpose methods such as Structural Analysis - MICMAC, MACTOR, SMICPROBexpert and Delphi were used in two rounds through techniques and tools such as cross impact matrices, transposed matrices, probabilities, Bayes theorem, quadratic minimization, mode, frequency manners and consensus percentages. Among the most important results, the analysis of more than 225 variables in the cross-impact matrices in the 6 sectors stands out, identification of 59 drivers or key variables in 29 groupers, 17 future objectives, 29 hypotheses and 6 betting scenarios, as well as such as the participation of 172 experts from countries such as the United States, Chile, Uruguay, Peru, Spain, Australia and Colombia, who prioritized 64 technologies and innovations in plantain, 92 in dairy products, 58 in specialty coffees, 31 in cold climate fruit trees, 71 in citrus fruits and 44 in the leather sector. As conclusions, the opportunity to generate strategies and projects in the coming years in Quindío and regions of other countries with similar characteristics is highlighted, in order to reach the betting scenario of each sector, an input for these bets is to carry out specific projects. supported by Surveillance and Intelligence studies in the priority technologies and innovations in the 6 Delphi, which contemplate complementary aspects in terms of market, competitive and supplier surveillance, in addition, in terms of prioritized convergent Technologies, it is recommended to hold workshops, training sessions ideation and co-creation that allows applying the concepts of Nano, Bio, Info, Cogno and Green convergence in order to generate incremental, radical and regenerative innovations in the six chains.
IMPACT OF TEACHING MULTIVARIATE MODELING WITH DIGITAL TOOLS ON THE DEVELOPMENT LEVEL OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SKILLS
Higher education of food engineering professionals requires the skills of scientific data analysis and interpretation to aid in decision-making and problem-solving tasks of the professional exercise. This study focused on teaching multivariate modeling using digital tools to increase the development level of a program learning outcome related to the skills to analyze and interpret practical experimentation results. Data was collected from two semesters of higher education courses on sensory evaluation of foods, including a control group (Control Class, n=15) and a teaching innovation group (Experimental Class, n=20). A written report from a practical project (scientific poster format) served as the assessment instrument. The impact of the teaching innovation was assessed using a rubric to establish the learning outcome development level and the final course grades as response variables. Results indicated that in the control class, almost all the students (12/15) developed over 87.5% of the desired data analysis and interpretation skills (solid and outstanding levels); however, 3/15 students achieved only 63.5-75.0% of the desirable skills (incipient and basic levels). In the experimental group, the introduction of multivariate modeling with digital tools significantly increased (p<0.05) the overall fulfillment of the desired outcome to 96.9%, placing all students in solid and outstanding development levels. Moreover, the teaching innovation also increased the level of the domain of the students beyond the data “analysis” domain of Bloom's Taxonomy. It allowed them to go up into “evaluation” and “creation”.
Citizen commitment development through undergraduate internships at the UNPADE-Magallanes.
Among the strategic guidelines of the University of Magallanes is to favor the relationship with the community and organizations, strengthening the cultural, economic, and social heritage of the Region of Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica. The Construction Engineering undergraduate program assumes the challenge of giving its students values ​​to guide them, coexist, question, learn, and position themselves in a critical and constructive perspective in social and work life, legitimizing the dignity of people. The generic institutional competence "Social responsibility and citizen commitment" (RS_CC) are included in the undergraduate curriculum. Second-year students carried out their internship at the National Union of Parents and Friends of People with Mental Disabilities (UNPADE); this entity is open to the community and meets all people with intellectual disability needs who require an educational workspace. This social internship is part of the training plan; whose objective is to make the student aware of one of her/his professional roles that are directly related to improving people’s quality of life sustainably. Additionally, to understand that the projected solutions are systemic and dynamic, responding to the constant evolution of society. This initiative is a pioneering activity in the professional training of construction engineers; that way, from their training stage, they are aware of the social role that must be played in their career. This activity was an opportunity for the engineer’s development aiming at personal growth through theoretical-practical training and with a sense of reality, showing elements that we consider significant for a learning design based on social practices. This research was conducted using student self-assessment rubrics and individual practice reports, demonstrating that the students reached the RS_CC competence, through PBL (project-based learning) in the subject of Internship I.
Enhancing Engineering Education: Integrating Finite Element Method Analysis for Induction Motors Efficiency Improvement Study
This paper focuses on the educational aspect of advanced engineering practices, particularly in the incorporation of Finite Element Methods (FEM) into the engineering curriculum. It examines the transformation of a conventional three-phase induction motor (3PIM) into a more complex six-phase induction motor (6PIM) and the subsequent effects on the torque characteristics. Through the practical application of FEM in a learning environment, engineering students can quantitatively analyze and assess the torque performance of the hex-phase machine. The study’s findings highlight a decrease in torque ripple and an improvement in the machine's overall efficiency. These results serve as a valuable educational tool for engineering students, enhancing their understanding and skills in applying FEM to real-world electromechanical systems.
torque characteristics in engineering education
Thermal comfort of an adobe house in the high Andean area: case study's the houses in the Pampa Quehuar - Peru
The research aims to analyze the thermal comfort of an adobe house located in the high Andean area of Peru, specifically in the Pampa Quehuar - Cusco; likewise, previous studies are described in relation to the thermal properties of adobe in various areas of Peru and are contrasted with research carried out in Latin America and Europe. A design proposal is then presented to improve livability and reduce construction waste in adobe homes, prioritizing adobe material that is accessible and affordable. Finally, the relevance of using traditional, renewable and economical materials to ensure thermal comfort is highlighted, that is a solution to increase the thickness of adobe walls is proposed to ensure the quality of life of the population in the Cusco region.
Powering a Microcontroller with Ambient Energy to Track the Local Weather
This paper presents the comprehensive process of designing, developing, and testing ambient energy sources, particularly wind and wave energy, to power a microcontroller for recording and transmitting local meteorological data in challenging environments. From wave and wind energy to the utilization of the point absorber method and following the principles of mechanical vibrations, each one contributes to a unique opportunity for energy-efficient utilization. The integration of sensors with the microcontroller, programmed using Arduino IDE software, enables real-time monitoring of weather conditions. Additionally, a mobile application facilitates data dissemination and accessibility, allowing prompt access to recorded data. Incorporating a Bluetooth module ensures seamless data transmission, while an SD card serves as reliable data storage. A buoy is affixed to a large plate to evaluate wave energy efficacy, providing a practical testing environment. Through these efforts, this project aims to develop a maintenance-free, roaming monitoring solution suitable for remote oceanic environments, advancing sustainable energy. Integrating ambient energy into everyday technology, particularly microcontrollers, demonstrates its viability in powering systems reliably. Recording and transmitting local meteorological data is the anticipated outcome in a challenging setting.
Diseño, Desarrollo e Implementación de un Programador Inalámbrico para el Ecosistema Arduino
This article presents the design and development of a wireless programmer for Arduino-compatible devices, aimed at eliminating the need for physical connections for programming and communication, allowing users to upload code remotely from computers, providing new connection possibilities for interaction with embedded electronic devices. The motivation arose from the interest in develop a card for training students in programming languages and programmable devices, where it was desired that it could be programmed wirelessly, in solution to certain limitations of physical connections such as mobility restriction, inability to connect to encapsulated devices without opening them and the risks associated with damage due to electrical coupling between the device and the computer. Therefore, in response to the limited existence of a programmer that addresses these needs, proceeded to develop a programmer that not only facilitates wireless programming, but also integrates seamlessly into the Arduino ecosystem safely, with high performance and also allowed mass production while remaining a low-cost solution. The article also shows its implementation in the LAB-VEE ecosystem training card, which was conceived for teaching technology and programming to K-12 students. This card, thanks to its programming and wireless communication capacity, expands educational possibilities in STEM areas, offering a practical and advanced resource for learning technological skills. The success of the project was proven through exhaustive tests, which validated the reliability and effectiveness of both the wireless programmer and its integration with the card for the use of its peripherals. So together these contributions open new possibilities for technological education and the development of embedded electronic projects.
Cleaner and Sustainable Production in the Industry: A Literature Review
The aim of study is to analyze how cleaner production strategies have been implemented across various industries, recognizing the need to enhance efficiency to mitigate environmental impacts. Additionally, this study aims to understand the benefits that sustainability contributes to industrial development. To achieve the research objectives, a literature review is proposed to identify and analyze relevant studies related to cleaner production and sustainability in various industries. The results indicate a significant increase in article publications in 2022, reflecting a growing interest in cleaner production and sustainability within the industry. Regarding the most utilized research method for studying the topic, surveys stand out, particularly in the category of cleaner production practices. The "Journal of Cleaner Production"; plays a pivotal role in disseminating research on these themes. Another significant finding is the crucial role of technologies and the contributions now made by circular economy.
Exploring Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Integrating GAI and Advanced Pedagogy for Design, Challenges, and Potentia
This article addresses the experience achieved in the development of an Intelligent Tutor System (STI), which has been the result of a continuous research process that the research team has been carrying out for educational innovation in the field of engineering. The STI itself is presented, revealing its architecture and its main functional modules, as well as the incorporation of pedagogical methodologies to provide a teaching structure and adaptability such as those established by Bloom's Taxonomy and the Learning Styles of the Vark model. In addition, how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been integrated is addressed, among which are Artificial Generative Intelligence (IAG), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Large Language Models (LLM), and Model-View-View Model (MVVM). The pedagogical methodologies and ICTs indicated above have been put into operation to complement the process of Knowledge Space, Knowledge Structure, Knowledge Construct, and Deep Knowledge Tracing, to have an ITS that has the capabilities of directing an educational process, equalizing or outperforming the average human teacher. This modular system and service-oriented architecture take advantage of the Applications Programs Interfaces (APIs) of advanced models such as the Generative Pre-trained Transformed (GPT) to generate personalized educational content, offering a scalable and efficient platform. The use of this STI allows to offer quality education for engineering areas, both in terms of pedagogy and technical aspects. With this project, we seek to put into operation a disruptive educational platform that changes the teaching-learning process, the way it is being carried out, and the learning experience by the students. At the same time, it can also become a reference framework for the design and development of STIs for those researchers who wish to start creating one
Benefits and difficulties experienced by students in engineering subjects in virtual mode during the period 2020-2022 (COVID-19).
This study examines the experiences of engineering students with virtual education during 2020-2022, highlighting a complex mix of challenges and benefits that underscores the demands of adapting to this educational format. Significant issues reported include perceived complexity of subjects, excessive assignments, insufficient explanations during classes, technological and connectivity issues, and a lack of appropriate tools for virtual teaching. Contrarily, many students positively value the flexibility and autonomy of virtual learning, such as real-time access to information, learning at one's own pace, and managing study from home. The findings suggest a diverse and subjective virtual educational experience, emphasizing the need for higher education institutions to enhance technological infrastructure, train educators for virtual modes, and adapt teaching strategies to meet student needs.
Naturalness and Interpretability of Graphical Representations of Fuzzy Numbers
In this research, an experimental evaluation of the naturalness and interpretability using fuzzy numbers in an everyday university context was carried out. Four graphical representations of fuzzy numbers (triangular, trapezoidal, Gaussian and L-R) were evaluated in linguistic expressions such as "around _" and "greater than _" to determine the most natural ones in that context. In addition, two forms were designed with simple arithmetic operations and imprecise linguistic expressions. In this way we were able to evaluate whether the results obtained through mathematical operations with fuzzy numbers proposed by different authors resemble the mental calculations that university students would perform. A sample of 44 students was used, the results reflected that the expressions "around _" and "close to _" are better represented with the Gaussian form; trapezoidal representations are associated with expressions such as "between _ and _" and "not less than _" and better represent results of addition and subtraction operations; while the L-R representation is more natural when obtaining results in multiplications.
COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS TO DETERMINE VEGETATION INDICES IN Tectona grandis PLANTATIONS, GUANACASTE, COSTA RICA
For the proper management of forest resources, it is necessary to have reliable and low-cost information on stand variables; in this sense, the use of new and adequate tools is of special importance. With the development of satellite technologies, spectroradiometers and more recently Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) with specialized cameras, different parameters can be estimated and used, including vegetation indices, such as NDVI and GNDVI, as useful tools. in the monitoring of the vegetation, especially in areas of difficult access or large extensions. With the purpose of comparing the different technologies to obtain the NDVI and GNDVI indices, which include a UniSpec SC field spectroradiometer, Sentinel-2 satellite images and photogrammetric products of the multispectral RPAS Phantom 4, a study was carried out in a Tectona grandis plantation in the province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, using a completely randomized experimental design with 20 observation plots and located on the ground using a GNSS total station. The NDVI did not present differences between the values obtained from satellite images and those obtained in the field; however, it did show differences between the field data and the values obtained with the RPAS, the latter being the lowest values. The GNDVI showed significant differences between the different methods studied, being the values obtained with the RPAS the lowest and those obtained with the satellite image the highest. The use of Sentinel-2 images is recommended for the estimation of vegetation indices and recommendations are provided on aspects to improve with the use of RPAS.
Simplified protocol for the segmentation strategy in MYPES: marketing as a predictor of technological innovation. A cluster analysis
The objective of this study is to develop a simplified protocol for the segmentation strategy of marketing conglomerates as a predictor of technological innovation in micro and small businesses (MSEs) of San Juan del Rio in Querétaro, Mexico. The research was carried out in the municipality of San Juan del Río, Querétaro, and focused on MSEs that were active in the year 2023. A sample of 385 micro and small businesses was selected, with a confidence level of 95%. and a margin of error of 5%. A quantitative research method was used through surveys directed at the directors or managers of the selected companies, accompanied by a qualitative approach due to the nature of the survey. The results reveal that marketing is part of technological innovation in companies. In stage 1, non-normality was measured to apply this cluster analysis with the Shapiro-Wilk, Anderson-Darling, Lilliefors and Jarque-Bera tests, all with p-value less than 0.001 for marketing and technological innovation. Stage 2 of the total scale analysis was 0.823 for Cronbach's internal reliability, which allows in stage 3 to develop clusters for three clusters (clusters) and finally in stage 4 of the dynamic simulation analysis the equation model was determined: Technological Innovation = 1.2150 – 0.3974 Good customer service + 0.3763 psychological prices + 1.8981 Brand development; for the intercept coefficient 1.2150 concluding that technological innovation in Mypes still exists for the null marketing variable. For E. Kato, innovation, in addition to technological innovation, brings organizational improvements and marketing innovations and vice versa.
Automated hydroponic greenhouse customized for a variety of plants for family food.
The article presents an innovative design of an automated hydroponic greenhouse (AHG) for vegetable cultivation at home. The system adapts to the needs of different types of plants and offers a practical solution for growing fresh produce in confined spaces. The study describes the construction of the greenhouse, including the materials used, the configuration of the hydroponic system, and the automation components. Experiments are detailed to evaluate the system's performance with different types of vegetables and materials. The AHG demonstrated effectiveness in growing a variety of vegetables, including lettuce, spinach, cherry tomatoes, kale, and strawberries, as well as medicinal and aromatic plants. The system optimized water and nutrient use, and allowed precise control of environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light, as well as the chemical conditions of the nutrient solution. The AHG is efficient, adaptable, and easy to use, making it an attractive option for those seeking to grow their own food sustainably and represents a significant advancement in home cultivation technology.
JUAN CARLOS MIGUEL ANGEL GONZALES LEVANO
Design of Bifactorial Experiments in the Physical Performance of a team of Students from the Ricardo Palma University, Peru
The objective of the present study is to describe a practical experiment that can be used to illustrate important concepts related to the Design of Experiments course of the School of Industrial Engineering-URP, using SPSS. A Bifactorial Design of Experiments was conducted to determine the effect of different types of exercises and the fitness level of the students. Three replications were performed, each with five repetitions of three types of exercises. To ensure that the results are reliable, the model's assumptions were verified. Applying the ANOVA, it was concluded that there are significant differences in physical performance between the types of exercises and the students at 95% confidence. Subsequently, a post hoc-DMS analysis was carried out with α= 0.05, which helped to determine in which students and the type of exercise there are differences.The study provides detailed, personalized information that can be used to tailor training and nutrition programs for college students. The results will serve as a guide to optimize the physical performance of each student, taking into account individual needs and the specific demands of each type of exercise and also a general diagnosis in sports teams, or athletes to prepare for future competitions.
Efficient model of cluster analysis as a segmentation strategy: inductive social responsibility of technological innovation in MYPES
The present research aims to develop a rationalized framework for the analysis of conglomerates as a segmentation strategy of inductive social responsibility of technological innovation of the mypes of San Juan del Río-Querétaro. Mexico. A quantitative research method was used through surveys addressed to the directors or managers of the selected companies, accompanied by a qualitative approach by virtue of the nature of the survey. 11 items were considered, 5 were contemplated for Social Responsibility variable and 6 for Technological Innovation variable In stage 1 normality was assessed with Shapiro-Wilk, Anderson-Darling, Lilliefors and Jarque-Bera methods declaring non normality proceeding to develop the analysis of conglomerates. The stage 2 of the scale analysis which exhibited an elevated reliability level of 0.796 subsequently in stage 3 the conglomerate analysis was run with the Kaiser-Meyer- Olkin KMO and Bartlett tests of sampling adequacy with 0, 844 confirming that the adequacy of the sample for the investigation is very good and three conglomerates were determined. In stage 4 of dynamic analysis the forecast of the regression auto-econometric model with statistically significant parameters and the equation: Technological Innovation= 2.2470 - 0.0009 Anti discrimination policy + 0.6739 Reuse +0.4687 Listening needs +0.6576 Impact on customers - 2.0653 Confidentiality - 0.7829 Volunteering: According to Akaike's information criterion (AIC) = 2, 4232 this model has a good fit to the data, although the search can be continued of better models in subsequent research. Such as A. Hartono and R. Kusumawardhani confirm that the importance in innovation facing manufacturing firms is assessed the impact of barriers, when these are identified by factor process and conglomerates, it is possible to contribute to Mypes reducing uncertainty and the risks
State-space control applied to the balance of a linear inverted pendulum
The present document includes the development and implementation of a linear inverted pendulum, along with an exploration of various control methodologies applied to inverted pendulums to evaluate their effectiveness in stabilizing the system under different conditions and disturbances. A state-space controller was designed specifically for the linear inverted pendulum system. Transmission was achieved using a belt and pulley DC motor, and an encoder was incorporated into the carriage rod to measure the pendulum's angular position. The pendulum was successfully controlled within a short period of time. Results are based on pole analysis and the successful implementation of a pole-placement controller in a physical inverted pendulum system. This work integrates concepts of electronics and control of unstable systems to achieve an implemented system that operates via pole-placement control.
Optimization of design a modular and intelligent system for the utilization of biodegradable household waste
The management of biodegradable household waste represents a crucial challenge in a world increasingly aware of sustainability and efficient resource utilization. This paper addresses this challenge through the conceptual design optimization of a modular and intelligent system for the valorization of such waste. The employed methodology involves Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to define specifications based on customer requirements, competitive analysis of existing products, functional decomposition to identify critical subsystems, and morphological charts to generate alternative concepts. Three conceptual designs are proposed: a basic economical option, a highly automated alternative, and a balanced hybrid system. The results provide a systematic approach to developing an optimal design that maximizes processing efficiency, sustainability, maintainability, safety, and user-friendliness. The presented conceptual framework enables effective household waste valorization through an intelligent system adapting to evolving demands.
Economic valuation related to public health due to the contamination of particulate matter less than 10 microns in Arequipa, Peru
This paper addresses the economic valuation of environmental costs related to health problems arising from PM10 particulate matter less than 10 microns) air pollution in Arequipa in 2017. The study was conducted in the 13 most populated districts of the metropolitan area of Arequipa, totaling 956,226 inhabitants according to the 2017 Census. To assess the level of exposure of the population to PM10, ArcGIS 10.5 software was used, which with the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting) tool calculates the dispersion of air pollutants in the study area using data from stations placed by the Executive Directorate of Environmental Health (DESA) of the Regional Health Management of Arequipa, this to estimate the average concentration in each of the 13 districts of the study area. Subsequently, with the help of concentration response functions (CRF), the cases of mortality and morbidity attributable to pollution are calculated; for the study, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases were taken into account, in addition to three possible air quality scenarios: Scenario 1 reduction of PM10 to 0 μg/m3, scenario 2 reduction to 15 μg/m3 (WHO Standard) and scenario 3 reduction to 50 μg/m3 (ECA Peru). Finally, the value of a life year (VOLY) and the willingness to pay (WTP) are used to calculate the costs of mortality and morbidity reduction respectively. Obtaining an environmental economic value for scenario 1 of 414,06 million USD, for scenario 2 a value of 342,30 million USD and for scenario 3 a total of 174,88 million USD, proving that the more PM10 pollution is reduced, the greater the economic benefits will be.
Soil Sampling and Analysis Robot S.S.A.R.
Abstract– This project aims to design and build an innovative, low-cost soil sampling and testing robot for increased efficiency in agriculture, environmental studies, and farming hobbyists. The goal of this project is to create an autonomous system that can: sample and analyze soil in different environments on the spot to swiftly reduce testing time and allow rapid mitigation of soil to improve its quality. With the use of an auger drill, the robot will be able to extract five soil samples, gathering it all in one basket containing several sensors that will be able to test for the following measurements: the potential of Hydrogen (pH), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These values will then be displayed on a Liquid-crystal display (LCD) screen mounted onto the frame of the mobile robot. This will have a direct impact on how farmers can improve fertilizer use by giving focused information on nutrient requirements, preventing excess application, and lowering input costs. Additionally, this robot will be powered by a rechargeable lead battery, charged by a solar panel with its required specifications.
Autoconstrucción indígena y arquitectura bioclimática. Nacionalidad Quichua-Andino pueblo Saraguro. Ilincho-Loja-Ecuador
This study focuses on Ilincho, an indigenous community in Saraguro, Loja, known for its rainy continental climate and approximately 160 families. Its objective is to highlight the importance of indigenous housing in rural Andean environments, emphasizing its contribution to sustainable bioclimatic architecture through cultural self-building practices. The methodology included analyzing the territorial context of the community and its indigenous dwellings, documenting the self-construction process, and evaluating the thermal performance of the housing envelope using specialized software. The findings underscore the value of indigenous empirical knowledge, guided by ancestral experimentation and community efforts such as the "minga", in creating sustainable, climate-responsive structures using natural resources like earth. This approach meets the requirements of thermal comfort, employs clean technologies, and adheres to the thermal transmittance standards of the Ecuadorian NHS_NEE regulations.
Exploring gender perceptions and intellectual self-confidence towards the work environment: a comparative analysis
Gender perception and self-assessment of intelligence impact work dynamics and career advancement. This study explores gender differences in the workplace and how individuals evaluate their intelligence compared to the opposite gender. It examines factors such as societal gender stereotypes and personal experiences. Findings will contribute to academic understanding and inform human resource management for more equitable work policies. Promoting fairer and empowering environments benefits all employees.
Innovative Proposal for the Coffee Management of the Orozco Farm Using Devices from the Internet of Things (IOT)
This article summarizes the most relevant aspects and results obtained from the project, whose purpose is to provide coffee growers with a clear guide on how the Internet of Things (IoT) and sensors work, and how they can use them to improve the efficiency of their coffee management. The implementation of this technology can give them access to real-time data that they did not know, which entails benefits both for producers by being able to work in a more focused way, and for the health of their crops and the environment by reducing the use of chemicals.
Integration of Image Processing and 3D Printing for Enhanced Intracranial Malformation Detection and Surgical Planning
In the present study, the detection and analysis of a brain cyst were addressed through a 2D and 3D magnetic resonance image, highlighting the issues associated with intracranial malformation segmentation accuracy. The rationale was rooted in the need for detailed visualization to guide medical and surgical procedures. It was hypothesized that 3D printing of intracranial injuries models could enhance surgical planning and provide a more accurate spatial representation. The methodology focuses on the application of image processing techniques and 3D printing technology. It takes a practical and applied approach, leveraging specific tools such as 3D Slicer, MeshLab, and Ultimaker Cura to achieve the stated objectives. The overall methodology aligns with an exploratory and applied approach to address the specific issue of intracranial injury detection and analysis. The most relevant results demonstrated the effectiveness of segmentation in highlighting brain information in magnetic resonance images. The application of 3D printing facilitated the creation of three-dimensional malformation models, providing valuable tool in surgical planning, supporting the idea of improvements in preoperative visualization, patient education, and three-dimensional understanding of anatomical structures. This approach not only positively impacts the accuracy of the process but also enhances medical-patient communication by providing clear and understandable representations of medical conditions.
Design and Simulation of Integrated Distributed Energy Resources onto the Island of Saint Lucia
This study examines the current generation capacity and load demand of the Caribbean island of Saint Lucia. A 2015 national energy transition plan published by the utility company on Saint Lucia details the necessary expansion into solar and wind resources to decrease reliability on imported fossil fuels while maintaining proficient grid reliability. Presently, about 5% of total generation capacity can be supplied through distributed solar resources. The goal of this investigation is to determine site locations around the island which have ideal conditions for distributed energy resource (DER) development. Typical meteorological data analysis of solar irradiance and wind speed was performed to characterize the generation capacity and performance of the proposed DERs. These grid-connected DERs were simulated using ETAP modelling software to determine generation contribution to a substation in a distribution network. The results from this simulation yielded that the two proposed DER installations could supply 11.91% of total grid demand on a typical day. Further analysis strongly suggests that wind powered DERs are significantly advantageous due to consistent wind speeds throughout the year
Drones in sustainable agricultural systems: A literature review
The main objective of the article is to publicize 5G technology used in drones and applied in sustainable agricultural systems. The use of drones with cameras together with 5G networks can cover large areas of land and reach areas of difficult access. This allows for greater and better surveillance of fields and crops. Initially, by searching eight (4) digital libraries, 186 studies were obtained. Then, after careful analysis of each of them, we verify that only 25 match our needs. Finally, we have determined that a detailed analysis of precision agriculture reveals a variety of widely used types, as well as a diversity of cameras and sensors used today. Practical applications of this technology are notable, ranging from assessing evaporation and soil moisture to monitoring nutrients in crops and crop yields. Although there are challenges to overcome, precision agriculture represents a valuable tool with the potential to positively transform agricultural practices, promoting sustainability and efficiency in the sector.